Incorporation of Graphene-Related Carbon Nanosheets in Membrane Fabrication for Water Treatment: A Review
نویسنده
چکیده
The minimization of the trade-off between the flux and the selectivity of membranes is a key area that researchers are continually working to optimise, particularly in the area of fabrication of novel membranes. Flux versus selectivity issues apply in many industrial applications of membranes, for example the unwanted diffusion of methanol in fuel cells, retention of valuable proteins in downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals, rejection of organic matter and micro-organisms in water treatment, or salt permeation in desalination. The incorporation of nanosheets within membrane structures can potentially lead to enhancements in such properties as the antifouling ability, hydrophilicy and permeability of membranes, with concomitant improvements in the flux/selectivity balance. Graphene nanosheets and derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have been investigated for this purpose, for example inclusion of nanosheets within the active layer of Reverse Osmosis or Nanofiltration membranes or the blending of nanosheets as fillers within Ultrafiltration membranes. This review summarizes the incorporation of graphene derivatives into polymeric membranes for water treatment with a focus on a number of industrial applications, including desalination and pharmaceutical removal, where enhancement of productivity and reduction in fouling characteristics have been afforded by appropriate incorporation of graphene derived nanosheets during membrane fabrication.
منابع مشابه
Geometric Effects on Nanopore Creation in Graphene and on the Impact-withstanding Efficiency of Graphene Nanosheets
Abstract Single- and multilayer graphene sheets (MLGSs) are projectile-resisting materials that can be bombarded by nanoparticles to produce graphene sheets of various sizes and distributions of nanopores. These sheets are used in a variety of applications, including DNA sequencing, water desalination, and phase separation. Here, the impact-withstanding efficiency of graphene nanosheets and the...
متن کاملAn Overview of Fabrication Methods and Applications of Carbon Nanotube Membrane in Environmental Engineering as Hydraulic Microstructures
The main purpose of this article is to study fabrication methods and applications of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes as a hydraulic microstructure in treatment processes. This paper emphasizes the use of CNTs as membrane in separation processes like water and wastewater treatment because of their exclusive advantages. Their most important characteristics are high mechanical strength aga...
متن کاملHydrogen adsorption by g-C3N4 and graphene oxide nanosheets
The adsorption behavior of hydrogen for synthesized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and graphene oxide nanosheets was compared. The structure of the prepared g-C3N4 and graphene oxide samples were studied using TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and surface area analysis. Textural results of the prepared nanosheets show that the surface area, total pore volume, and average internal diameter of g-C3N4 an...
متن کاملFacile tailoring of the two-dimensional graphene oxide channels for gas separation
Two dimensional graphene-basedmaterials with unique atomic thickness and excellent mass transport properties are gaining heightened attention for the development of a new family of separation membranes. As a derivative of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) is now considered as a promising nano-building block for membranes, owing to its tunable microstructures and physiochemical properties as well as...
متن کاملStudy and Electrochemical Determination of Tyrosine at Graphene Nanosheets Composite Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
A graphene nanosheets (GNS) film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated for sensitive determination of tyrosine (Tyr). The GNS-based sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The voltammetric techniques were employed to study electro-oxidation of Tyr. The results revealed that the modified electrode showed an electrocatalyt...
متن کامل